PSG has now secured the season-opening cup on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck twice late to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.
